As the  largest city in northwest of China, the transportation system in Urumuqi can be all perfect, such as planes, regular trains, express trains,metro,BRT and so on.

By plane
Urumqi is served by the Urumqi Diwopu International Airport ( IATA: URC,) 20 km northwest of the city center with regular domestic flights from Beijing, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian,Dunhuang, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Jilin, Kunming, Lanzhou, Nanjing, Qingdao,Sanya, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Xiamen, Xi'an, Xining,Yinchuan, and Zhengzhou.
Urumqi also offers flights from Almaty, Astana, Baku, Bishkek, Dushanbe,Islamabad, Istanbul, Kabul, Moscow (Sheremetyevo), Novosibirsk, Osh, Seoul(Incheon), Tashkent, and Tehran (Imam Khomeini).
The destinations of Xinjiang include Aksu, Aletai, Hotan, Kashgar, Kuche,Tacheng and Yining.
By train

By regular trains
Urumuqi Railway Station is at Qingfeng Road.

Urumuqi--Turpan ( about 1 hour and 50 mins)(but drops you about5 0 km/31 mi north of Turpan, from where you have to catch a bus)
Urumuqi-- Liuyuan (near dunhuang) (7-9 hrs depending on different trains)

Urumuqi –Jiayuguan (around 9hrs 30mins -11hrs)

Urumuqi—Zhangye (around 12-14 hrs)

Urumuqi--Lanzhou (around 17-20 hrs depending on different trains)

Urumuqi--Xi'an – (about 24 hrs 30 mins—26 hrs and 30mins)

Urumqi--Beijing (around 33h:52m )

Urumuqi—Shanghai (about 41hrs and40 mins)
Urumuqi--Kashgar (around 15 hrs)
Urumuqi--Kuqia (around 8 hrs)

Urumuqi--Almaty, Kazakhstan - takes 32-48 hours
By bullet train ( fast train)

Urumuqi—Turpan ( around 1 hour and 30mins)

Urumuqi--Liuyuannan(near dunhuang) (around 4hrs and 20m)

Urumuqi--Jiayuguannan (around 6 hrs and 11 mins)

Urumuqi--Zhangyexi (about 7 hrs and29 mins)

Urumuqi--Lanzhouxi (around 11 hrs)

Urumuqi—Xi’an (about 13 hrs and 15mins)

By bus
The Northern Long-Distance Bus Station is at Heilongjiang Road
Urumuqi--Almaty, Kazakhstan (via Korgas) ( about 24 hrs )

Urumuqi--Burqin ( about 13 hrs)
Urumuqi--Korgas ( about 14 hrs )
Urumuqi--Lanzhou (about 40 hrs )
Urumuqi--Tacheng ( about 12 hrs )
Urumuqi—Yining( Yili) ( 11-14 hrs)
The Southern Long-Distance Bus Station is in the southern part of city (acrossfrom the Shuishang Amusement Park)
Urumuqi--Hotan (19-26 hrs)
Urumuqi—Kashgar( about 24 hrs)
Urumuqi--Korla (about 10 hrs)
Urumuqi--Kuche ( about 17 hrs )
Urumuqi--Turpan (about 3 hrs )(heading for Gansu, will need to change buses forHami)
By taxi
Metered taxi fares start from10 yuan RMB.

By car
China Highway G30 is a motor way crossing Xinjiang from Gansu to the border with Kazakhstan. Most destinations within Xinjiang can be accessed via private car. Drivers tend to congregate near the bus stations and will often approach passengers shouting their destination. Drivers usually try to fill the car with four passengers, but you can also rent the whole car. In almost every case, a car will save hours of travel time over a bus.